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讓人喜歡你 的心理學
Here Are 16 Psychological Tricks to Immediately Make People Like You More
SHANA LEBOWITZ, BUSINESS INSIDER
1. Copy the person you're with
This strategy is called mirroring, and involves subtly mimicking another person's behaviour. When talking to someone, try copying their body language, gestures, and facial expressions.
In 1999, New York University researchers documented the "chameleon effect", which occurs when people unconsciously mimic each other's behaviour. That mimicry facilitates liking.
Researchers had 72 men and women work on a task with a partner. The partners (who worked for the researchers) either mimicked the other participant's behaviour or didn't, while researchers videotaped the interactions.
At the end of the interaction, the researchers had participants indicate how much they liked their partners.
Sure enough, participants were more likely to say that they liked their partner when their partner had been mimicking their behaviour.
2. Spend more time around the people you're hoping to befriend
According to the mere-exposure effect, people tend to like other people who are familiar to them.
In one example of this phenomenon, psychologists at the University of Pittsburgh had four women pose as students in a university psychology class. Each woman showed up in class a different number of times.
When experimenters showed male students pictures of the four women, the men demonstrated a greater affinity for those women they'd seen more often in class - even though they hadn't interacted with any of them.
3. Compliment other people
People will associate the adjectives you use to describe other people with your personality. This phenomenon is called spontaneous trait transference.
One study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology found that this effect occurred even when people knew certain traits didn't describe the people who had talked about them.
According to Gretchen Rubin, author of the book The Happiness Project, "whatever you say about other people influences how people see you".
If you describe someone else as genuine and kind, people will also associate you with those qualities. The reverse is also true: If you are constantly trashing people behind their backs, your friends will start to associate the negative qualities with you as well.
4. Try to display positive emotions
Emotional contagion describes what happens when people are strongly influenced by the moods of other people. According to a research paper from the Ohio University and the University of Hawaii, people can unconsciously feel the emotions of those around them.
The authors of the paper say that's possibly because we naturally mimic others' movements and facial expressions, which in turn makes us feel something similar to what they're feeling.
If you want to make others feel happy when they're around you, do your best to communicate positive emotions.
5. Be warm and competent
Princeton University psychologists and their colleagues proposed the stereotype content model, which is a theory that people judge others based on their warmth and competence.
According to the model, if you can portray yourself as warm - i.e., noncompetitive and friendly - people will feel like they can trust you.
If you seem competent - for example, if you have high economic or educational status - they're more inclined to respect you.
Harvard psychologist Amy Cuddy says it's important to demonstrate warmth first and thencompetence, especially in business settings.
"From an evolutionary perspective," Cuddy writes in her book Presence, "it is more crucial to our survival to know whether a person deserves our trust."
6. Reveal your flaws from time to time
According to the pratfall effect, people will like you more after you make a mistake - but only if they believe you are a competent person. Revealing that you aren't perfect makes you more relatable and vulnerable toward the people around you.
Researcher Elliot Aronson at the University of Texas, Austin first discovered this phenomenon when he studied how simple mistakes can affect perceived attraction.
He asked male students from the University of Minnesota to listen to tape recordings of people taking a quiz.
When people did well on the quiz but spilled coffee at the end of the interview, the students rated them higher on likability than when they did well on the quiz and didn't spill coffee or didn't do well on the quiz and spilled coffee.
7. Emphasise shared values
According to a classic study by Theodore Newcomb, people are more attracted to those who are similar to them. This is known as the similarity-attraction effect.
In his experiment, Newcomb measured his subjects' attitudes on controversial topics, such as sex and politics, and then put them in a University of Michigan-owned house to live together.
By the end of their stay, the subjects liked their housemates more when they had similar attitudes about the topics measured.
Interestingly, a more recent study from researchers at the University of Virginia and Washington University in St. Louis found that Air Force recruits liked each other more when they had similar negative personality traits than when they shared positive ones.
睡眠與性格
What Your Sleeping Position Says About Your Personality | Science of People
The Most Common Sleeping Positions and What They Say About You
1. The Fetal Position
The fetal position is when you curl your knees in toward your chest like you’re tucked into a safe little ball.
In a study conducted by Chris Idzikowski, director of the UK’s Sleep Assessment and Advisory Service, 41 percent of the sleeping participants adopted this position. In fact, double the amount of women slept in the fetal position compared to men in this experiment.
Personality Traits: Those who find comfort in this natural position can be described as having a hard shell: tough on the outside, but a huge softy on the inside. They typically are shy when you first meet them, then tend to open up and relax quickly.
2. The Log
Fifteen percent of people seem to find passing out like a log (lying on their side with their arms by their side) as the best way to catch some precious z’s. Does this boring, stiff sleeping position mean the sleeper is boring too? No! In fact, the opposite is true.
Personality Traits: People who sleep like a log are known as social butterflies. Although they are friendly, carefree, and popular, these social, trusting people are known for being gullible.
3. The Yearner
As if reaching out for something, the yearner is the position where you sleep on your side, but have your arms stretched out in front of you.
Personality Traits: People who sleep like this are a little complicated: they are open-minded, yet cynical; slow and suspicious when making a decision, but stick to it once their minds are made up.
4. The Soldier
Exactly as it sounds, the soldier position is where you sleep on your back with your arms by your sides. Only eight percent of sleepers claim to get the most sleep this way.
Personality Traits: Those who find themselves sleeping this way typically are quiet, reserved and hold both themselves and other people to high standards and strict moral codes.
5. The Freefaller
Having trouble imagining this one? It’s where you’re lying on your stomach with your arms wrapped around your pillow and head turned to the side. Sleeping on your stomach is something many people find uncomfortable, but those who enjoy this position wouldn’t have it any other way.
6. The Pillow Hugger
Pillow huggers love to get snuggly and cuddled in bed, and are similar in personality to those stargazers above–they hold in high regard the close, personal bonds in their life.
Personality Traits: Whether it be family, friends or a significant other, pillow huggers cherish those relationships over everything else.
