周二(8/6) 1.利他主義2.新聞影響情緒

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利他主義

Altruism
It's a story that's deeply unsettled millions in China: footage of a two-year-old girl hit by a van and left bleeding in the street by passersby, footage too graphic to be shown. The entire accident is caught on camera. The driver pauses after hitting the child, his back wheels seen resting on her for over a second. Within two minutes, three people pass two-year-old Wang Yue by. The first walks around the badly injured toddler completely. Others look at her before moving off.

Peter Singer: There were other people who walked past Wang Yue, and a second van ran over her legs before a street cleaner raised the alarm. She was rushed to hospital, but it was too late. She died.

I wonder how many of you, looking at that, said to yourselves just now, "I would not have done that. I would have stopped to help." Raise your hands if that thought occurred to you.

As I thought, that's most of you. And I believe you. I'm sure you're right. But before you give yourself too much credit, look at this. UNICEF reports that in 2011, 6.9 million children under five died from preventable, poverty-related diseases. UNICEF thinks that that's good news because the figure has been steadily coming down from 12 million in 1990. That is good. But still, 6.9 million is 19,000 children dying every day. Does it really matter that we're not walking past them in the street? Does it really matter that they're far away? I don't think it does make a morally relevant difference. The fact that they're not right in front of us, the fact, of course, that they're of a different nationality or race, none of that seems morally relevant to me. What is really important is, can we reduce that death toll? Can we save some of those 19,000 children dying every day?

And the answer is, yes we can. Each of us spends money on things that we do not really need. You can think what your own habit is, whether it's a new car, a vacation or just something like buying bottled water when the water that comes out of the tap is perfectly safe to drink. You could take the money you're spending on those unnecessary things and give it to this organization, the Against Malaria Foundation, which would take the money you had given and use it to buy nets like this one to protect children like this one, and we know reliably that if we provide nets, they're used, and they reduce the number of children dying from malaria, just one of the many preventable diseases that are responsible for some of those 19,000 children dying every day.

 

Questions:

1. What would you do if you see this poor girl victim?

2. What should you do if you witness a car crash?

What to do if you see someone injured in a car accident?

How to help accident victims?

3. What can you do to help someone who is going to die?

4. Are you willing to help a complete stranger?

How to help others?

5. How to stop being selfish and start being altruistic?

Why people become estranged?

6. Any experience of saving people?

7. Are you willing donate 10% of your income to charities?

新聞影響情緒
Cheer up, here’s the good news (By Annie Makoff )

This morning when I woke up, the sun was shining and I felt good – optimistic, energetic and eager to see what the day would bring. Over breakfast, I turned the radio on. Yet another ageing celebrity had been arrested for sexual offences. There was more bad news on the economy. I picked up a newspaper later. A 15-year-old boy had been stabbed to death. Homelessness is on the rise. Global warming; NHS cuts; another food scandal – by the time I started work, I felt defeated, exhausted and depressed.
I don’t want to stick my head in the sand, but isn’t it tempting to just turn off?
Absolutely, says clinical psychologist Dr Cecilia d’Felice. She believes that going on a ‘bad news diet’ – restricting the amount of news you expose yourself to – can protect your mood, and also enable you to look at the bigger picture in a clearer, more emotionally balanced way.  ‘We are so influenced by the media and its portrayal of global events that it influences how we take personal bad news,’ she explains.‘Being saturated with bad news on an almost hourly basis can make our own world feel out of control. It can make us reactive rather than reflective.’
The problem, says social psychologist Dr Sandra Wheatley, is that our brains are wired to zoom in on bad news, and to give it undue precedence. ‘At an evolutionary level, bad news shows us what we need to react and attend to so we can protect ourselves. That’s why people are more comfortable considering the negative rather than the positive. Even statistics, when they are reported, tend to focus on the negative.’

Questions:

1. What are factors that influence your mood?

   Does news influence your mood?

How news affects your mood?

2. How a bad mood affects your working performance?

3. How to stop the small things from affecting your mood?

4. What do you do when your in a bad mood?

How do you cheer yourself up from a bad mood?

5. Do you think that the current media is full of negative news

6. Do you think we are deeply influenced by media?

What are the negative and positive aspects of media?