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Air Pollution Kills 7 Million People Every Year, World Health Organization Report (Huffington Post)
Air pollution kills about 7 million people worldwide every year, with more than half of the fatalities due to fumes from indoor stoves, according to a new report from the World Health Organization published Tuesday.
The agency said air pollution is the cause of about one in eight deaths and has now become the single biggest environmental health risk.
"We all have to breathe, which makes pollution very hard to avoid," said Frank Kelly, director of the environmental research group at King's College London, who was not part of the WHO report.
One of the main risks of pollution is that tiny particles can get deep into the lungs, causing irritation. Scientists also suspect air pollution may be to blame for inflammation in the heart, leading to chronic problems or a heart attack.
WHO estimated that there were about 4.3 million deaths in 2012 caused by indoor air pollution, mostly people cooking inside using wood and coal stoves in Asia. WHO said there were about 3.7 million deaths from outdoor air pollution in 2012, of which nearly 90 percent were in developing countries.
But WHO noted that many people are exposed to both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Due to this overlap, mortality attributed to the two sources cannot simply added together, hence WHO said it lowered the total estimate from around 8 million to 7 million deaths in 2012.
The new estimates are more than double previous figures and based mostly on modeling. The increase is partly due to better information about the health effects of pollution and improved detection methods. Last year, WHO's cancer agency classified air pollution as a carcinogen, linking dirty air to lung and bladder cancer.
WHO's report noted women had higher levels of exposure than men in developing countries.
"Poor women and children pay a heavy price from indoor air pollution since they spend more time at home breathing in smoke and soot from leaky coal and wood cook stoves," Flavia Bustreo, WHO Assistant Director-General for family, women and children's health, said in a statement.
Other experts said more research was needed to identify the deadliest components of pollution in order to target control measures more effectively.
"We don't know if dust from the Sahara is as bad as diesel fuel or burning coal," said Majid Ezzati, chair in global environmental health at Imperial College London.
Kelly said it was mostly up to governments to curb pollution levels, through measures like legislation, moving power stations away from big cities and providing cheap alternatives to indoor wood and coal stoves.
He said people could also reduce their individual exposure to choking fumes by avoiding traveling at rush hour or by taking smaller roads. Despite the increasing use of face masks in heavily polluted cities such as Beijing and Tokyo, Kelly said there was little evidence that they work.
"The real problem is that wearing masks sends out the message we can live with polluted air," he said. "We need to change our way of life entirely to reduce pollution."
Questions:
What do you think about “air pollution kills about 7 million people worldwide every year”?
Do you think air pollution is a problem?
Do you think air pollution serious in Taiwan?
Do you think air pollution is biggest environmental health risk?
What is the solution?
Which area has the most good air quality in Taiwan? Why the area has good air quality?
Which cities in Taiwan has good living environment? Why?
衝動買者
A compulsive shopper(wisegeek)
A compulsive shopper is someone who is addicted to shopping, much in the same way that one might be addicted to gambling or alcohol. The term compulsive shopper is used because a person has a compulsion, or need to shop that overrides the person’s ability to consider the consequences of spending money.
Sometimes the term compulsive shopper may also apply to people who make last minute unnecessary purchases. In fact store merchandising often appeals to shoppers who might make a last minute purchase. Items located around a cashier can lure the shopper into a quick decision regarding throwing a few extra things in the shopping cart. Grocery stores, for example, usually send one through a line with colorful magazines, razors, gum, and a few other items that may not be needed.
However, the occasional purchase of an extra magazine at the cashier station is quite different than an addiction to shopping. Like all addictions the compulsive shopper gets a temporary “high” from making a purchase. Generally, the elevation of mood is short-lived and encourages the behavior again so that one can achieve the same “high.”
Questions:
Are you a compulsive shopper?
Are you addicted to shopping?
Ways to save money when you're shopping?
How to shop carefully with a tight budget?
Ways to deal with sellers about ' refund requests”?
新聞討論A controversial trade deal
(CNN) -- Riot police evicted scores of protesters from Taiwan's executive building early Monday morning as rallies over a controversial trade deal between Taiwan and mainland China entered their seventh day.
Hundreds of protesters stormed the Executive Yuan in Taipei on Sunday evening, shortly after Taiwan's president Ma Ying-jeou dismissed protesters' demands to scrap a service trade agreement with China. Opponents of the deal say it could harm Taiwan's economy, democratic system and national security.
Q:What do you think about the controversial trade deal?
Earthquake
Taipei, March 26 (CNA) A magnitude 4.3 earthquake jolted eastern Taiwan at 8:23 p.m. Wednesday, according to the Central Weather Bureau.The earthquake's epicenter was located 65.3 kilometers east of Taitung County Hall at a depth of 17.2 km, bureau officials said.
Q:What do you think about earthquake happening in Taiwan?
The students from three elementary schools, who were attending a five-day course at the Character and English Institute, experienced discomfort after eating breakfast at the institute, with many of them vomiting.
Q:What do you think about the food poisoning?
口語訓練 資料現場分發
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