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笑的傳染力
Study:
Laughter Really Is Contagious (livescience.com)
If you see two people laughing at a joke
you didn't hear, chances are you will smile anyway--even if you don't realize
it.
According to a new study, laughter truly is
contagious: the brain responds to the sound of laughter and preps the muscles
in the face to join in the mirth.
"It seems that it's absolutely true
that 'laugh and the whole world laughs with you," said Sophie Scott, a
neuroscientist at the University College London. "We've known for some
time that when we are talking to someone, we often mirror their behavior,
copying the words they use and mimicking their gestures. Now we've shown that
the same appears to apply to laughter, too--at least at the level of the
brain."
The positive approach
Scott and her fellow researchers played a
series of sounds to volunteers and measured the responses in their brain with
an fMRI scanner. Some sounds, like laughter or a triumphant shout, were
positive, while others, like screaming or retching, were negative.
All of the sounds triggered responses in
the premotor cortical region of the brain, which prepares the muscles in the
face to move in a way that corresponds to the sound.
The response was much higher for positive
sounds, suggesting they are more contagious than negative sounds--which could
explain our involuntary smiles when we see people laughing.
The team also tested the movement of facial
muscles when the sounds were played and found that people tended to smile when
they heard laughter, but didn't make a gagging face when they heard retching
sounds, Scott told LiveScience. She attributes this response to the desire to
avoid negative emotions and sounds.
Older than language?
The contagiousness of positive emotions
could be an important social factor, according to Scott. Some scientists think
human ancestors may have laughed in groups before they could speak and that
laughter may have been a precursor to language.
"We usually encounter positive
emotions, such as laughter or cheering, in group situations, whether watching a
comedy program with family or a football game with friends," Scott said.
"This response in the brain, automatically priming us to smile or laugh,
provides a way or mirroring the behavior of others, something which helps us
interact socially. It could play an important role in building strong bonds
between individuals in a group."
Questions:
What are the benefits of smiling and
laughing?
Stress relief from laughter? Ideas for
relief stress?
Do you like listening jokes? Why or why
not?
What are the advantages of listening some
good jokes?
Do you think funny people are t more
successful in life?
Reasons why humor is a key to success at
work?
How to be a really cool guy?
冒一次險？
Taking Risks (goodlifecoaching)
There come times in everyone's life when you're faced with a choice that involves risk. Perhaps you want to change careers, move to a different place, quit your job and start a business, begin a new relationship, have a child. Creatively, you may be faced with a choice of doing what you know is marketable or going out on a limb with your own vision, or giving up a steady job to follow your creative pursuits full-time.
Risk is, by nature, scary. It's uncertain and unpredictable. You're heading off into uncharted territory. You may lose your life savings or lose face. You risk criticism and humiliation, or having to pick up the pieces and start all over again. You're giving up what you know for what might be. The rewards can be great, but so can the cost.
So, why would anybody want to take a risk?
~ Risk gives you an opportunity to open up to your talents, interests, abilities and dreams.
~ Risk teaches you to set clear goals and follow through.
~ Risk allows you to feel powerful and proactive, making things happen rather than waiting for them to happen to you.
~ Risk opens you up to new ideas, skills, opportunities and experiences.
~ Risk allows you to grow and discover new things about yourself and the world, to develop your strengths and talents.
~ Risk allows you to conquer your fears.
~ Risk is exhilarating. It makes you come alive.
When it comes to risk-taking, there are two extremes. Some people are afraid to take even reasonable risks, wanting guaranteed results. This can result in a life that's flat and lackluster. Others take risks easily, believing that their willingness to leap makes them courageous. But taking major risks without thinking them through is foolish, and such people often find themselves picking up the pieces of shattered dreams.
While you don't need to agonize over every decision, it's the big, life-changing risks that we face only a handful of times in our lives that can stop us in our tracks. But if we don't step up to the challenge, we may find ourselves living a life that bores us, that has no dynamics or color. By avoiding any kind of risk, we systematically shut down our world, making it smaller, flatter and grayer.
Questions:
Is taking risks necessary to success?
What to do when face with a choice that involves risk?
What to do when change careers, move to a different place, quit your job and begin a new relationship?
When it comes to risk-taking, who you ask advices and who you ask for help?
How to make a big decision without regret?
Why people scare to take a risk?
How to conquer your fears?
何不相信自己的選擇，冒一次險？
‧Cheers 2014/11/07
Q：工作不像吃飯，吃膩了換餐廳就好，怎麼保持熱情？
【文／王浩威；圖／本刊資料照片】
面對日復一日相同的環境，相同的工作形態、相同的內容，偶爾感到疲倦，甚至厭煩。但工作不像翻書，讀累了，換本就好；也不像吃飯，吃膩了，換家餐廳就好。愈是跟自己妥協，再忍耐一點、再一點，動力的反饋就像邊際效應，有時還會驟停！請問當無可避免的倦怠感來襲時，王醫師會如何調適、如何保持對工作的熱情？
尋找工作的正向意義，無聊中創造樂趣
親愛的，看到你的信，忽然想起自己剛成為社會新鮮人的遙遠記憶。
1984年，我雖然還是就讀醫學系七年級的學生，但已經到馬偕醫學院擔任實習醫師。那時候的台北還沒有捷運，我每天搭著公車，從永和的永安市場，隨著一路的塞車緩慢前進，只靠兩隻腳站到中山北路，就這樣整整耗掉一個小時。
有一天，公車在北門的十字路口停下來許久，當時還沒地下化的火車不知何時才會從遙遠的地方到達，而平交道才終於開啟通行。我擠在公車裡，忽然覺得一切“déjà vu”，就是法國人說的「似曾相識」。怎麼現在的這一切，有一種早就都經歷過的感覺？昨天的感覺就是如此，同樣在這裡的塞車車陣中；前天、大前天，甚至這幾個月來，可以說都是如此。生命不只是重複，簡直就是跳針的唱片重複著永遠一樣的聲調。我開始思索：現在我才開始要踏進社會，難道未來的一切，都是這樣一成不變的日子嗎？
這樣的領悟，讓我更戒慎地思考：將成為醫生的我，究竟要走哪一科呢？是內外婦兒的傳統四大科，還是當時開始熱門的五官科（皮膚、耳鼻喉、眼科）？
「面對日復一日相同的環境，相同的工作型態、相同的內容」，正如你說的，將會有「無可避免的倦怠感來襲」。至少，我的經驗是跟你沒差太多的。現在，許多年過去了。面對這樣的情形，我可以有不同的思考嗎？
如果這工作是不可避免的選擇，兩個可能出路是你可以思考的：有沒有可能找到其中正向的意義？有沒有可能在無聊中創造樂趣呢？
卡夫卡在《蛻變》裡，描述了他對一成不變工作的厭倦，我一位朋友則不以為然地表示他的看法。他說，在東方文化裡，日復一日的重覆可以是一種修行，就像虔誠的佛教徒念著千遍的南無阿彌陀佛。有沒有可能，靜下心來，將這一切視為修行，讓自己的心靈可以在俗務中找到安頓之道？
這是找到正向意義的例子之一，可能還有第二、第三個。
你也可能在工作中創造一些樂趣。比方在每天的例行工作中，與自己或不知情的同事競賽，用不同的工作方式來試驗不同的感受。當然，你一定還有其他創造樂趣的方法。
然而，無論如何，如果你對自己的工作能有足夠的興趣，那是最好不過的了。在去年北京大學的畢業典禮上，北大校長王恩哥送給畢業生10句話的第5句話，就是「追求兩個一致，一個是興趣與事業一致，一個是愛情與婚姻一致；興趣與事業一致，就能使你的潛力最大限度地得以發揮。」
【全文未完，完整內容請見《Cheers》170期；訂Cheers雜誌電子版】
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