陽光甜味咖啡館 Sun Sweet Cafe

We meet right here every Tuesday, Friday and Saturday evening.

Dare to dream!

勇敢夢!

LOVE YOURSELF!

愛自己!

週二(1/12) 1.毒朋友2.浪漫電影愛情觀

歡迎參加 星期三PM7:30-9:00 新課程 
有效實用會話 /生活美語 實用俚語 英文歌曲
例句影片 講義現場提供 
板橋區文化路一段421巷11弄1號 (陽光甜味咖啡館)
新埔捷運站1號出口 旁邊7-11巷子進入20公尺 看到夏朵美髮
左轉       聚會時間7:00pm--9:30pm
「Toxic Friend」的圖片搜尋結果
毒朋友
Traits of a Toxic Friend   fabafter40
Toxic friends are:
Negative to the point of being insulting - You know the type, because you roll your eyes or gnash your teeth every time you see their posts on Facebook (if you haven’t hidden or blocked them yet). They’re always complaining, they never see the bright side, and they put you and other people down constantly.

Unsupportive - You’re always there for them, but they can’t be counted on to be there for you. They downplay (or even make fun of) your achievements and other things that are important to you.

Manipulative - They’re only nice when they need something, and know all the right buttons to push to make you comply - including emotional blackmail. If you can’t give them what they want, you can be sure there’ll be hell to pay in one way or another.

Immoral - You may like them, but you know you can’t trust them.  They’re dishonest and/or unethical and just generally bad news, and they don’t normally appreciate advice or judgement from people looking to steer them toward a better path.

Insincere - They pretend to like/support/be happy for you when they’re with you, but behind your back it’s a whole other story. Even when they’re “being nice,” there’s always some sort of catty kicker.

Unavailable - They expect you to be available for them whenever they need you, but when you’re the one who needs a friend, they’re too busy to pencil you in.

Inconsiderate - They don’t care that their demands are inconvenient, and when you do make sacrifices to accommodate them, they’re rarely even grateful.

A bad influence - They push you to do things you’re uncomfortable with, and egg you on to make bad decisions and poor life choices.
Q:
In your opinion, what are the traits of a toxic friend?
Do you have friends like that? And if you do, should you dump them?
What to do when some of your friends put you down constantly?
How to find supportive friends?
How to deal with manipulative people?
“Insincerity” What do you think that when someone is pretend to be support?
How your friends influence you? Are your friends a good influence?
「Romantic Comedies」的圖片搜尋結果
浪漫電影愛情觀
It’s Not What Romantic Comedies You Watch, But Why You Watch That Really Matters
Veronica Hefner, Ph.D.

Each year Americans spend nearly $9 billion and countless hours watching movies. Romantic comedy films have been a successful movie genre ever since the cinema became popular in the early 20th century. But why are these films so appealing? This study investigated the messages in romantic comedies and the link between viewing these films and learning about romantic, or idealistic, beliefs about love relationships. Results demonstrate romantic ideals are prevalent in these films and individuals who watched these movies in order to learn about love and relationships.

In the first study, we analyzed the romantic themes featured in over 50 of the highest-grossing romantic comedies from the past 10 years. We looked for statements related to the four parts of the romantic ideal: love conquers all, idealization of your partner, soul mates, and love at first sight.

We found that nearly all (98%) of the movies contained at least one romantic ideal expression.  On average there were roughly 7 idealistic expressions per film - or 1 ideal every 14 minutes exposing viewers to a steady dose of these ideals in a single film. At the end of Runaway Bride (1999), when Richard Gere uttered the seemingly saccharine, “I guarantee that if I don’t ask you to be mine, I’ll regret it for the rest of my life…because I know in my heart, you’re the only one for me,” to Julia Roberts, he was also demonstrating the romantic ideal of soul mates. Whereas many moviegoers may feel these romantic comedies are laden with such ideals, the most surprising finding of our study showed that the movies were significantly more realistic than not. In fact, a typical viewer actually views more realistic romantic expressions than ideal ones, at a 2:1 ratio.

In terms of general themes, roughly three-fourths of the movies we analyzed were judged as perpetuating an overarching romantic ideal message. As an example, Maid in Manhattan (2002) tells the story of a New York hotel cleaning lady who falls in love with a famous senator.  The couple ultimately gets married after finding a way to overcome a series of major obstacles, including being dishonest with one another, coming from radically different social classes, identifying with different ethnicities, and dealing with significant issues at their respective places of employment. Despite the fact viewers encounter expressions that challenge romantic ideals more frequently than they see ideal expressions, both evidence and theory suggest the takeaway message has the most impact on viewers.
Q:
What do you think about romantic comedy films?
Is it a good idea that watching movies in order to learn about love and relationships?
Can love conquers all?
What kind of movie genre you like most?
What do you think about the happy endings in romantic movies?
What are the best movies you have ever seen?
What is the most beautiful love story you have heard?


週四(1/7)1.冷漠社會2.社交恐懼症

歡迎參加 星期三PM7:30-9:00 新課程 
有效實用會話 實用俚語 英文歌曲
例句影片 講義現場提供 
板橋區文化路一段421巷11弄1號 (陽光甜味咖啡館)
新埔捷運站1號出口 旁邊7-11巷子進入20公尺 看到夏朵美髮
左轉       聚會時間7:00pm--9:30pm
「isolate society」的圖片搜尋結果
冷漠社會
Why are people becoming increasingly more ignorant, and anti-social?  uk.answers.yahoo

 Best Answer:   I noticed the same trend. I'm not sure which generation you're talking about, but teenagers appear to live in the virtual world. It irritates me so much when everyone is walking around, tripping, but constantly looking at their cellphone. I'll say that technology is to blame in that case. People are forgetting how to communicate outside the web. It's quite depressing, actually. 

 There are several reasons:

 1. People spend more time with technology than they do learning how to relate to other human beings.

 2. People are losing their sense of right and wrong because society is turning it's back on most religious principles and everyone is more focused on doing what makes them feel good, even if it's something that is at the expense of others.

 3. Because so many households have such a high standard of living and need both parents to work, many kids are left with nobody to teach them respect and values. They spend all their time with teachers and babysitters, who are more concerned that they don't kill themselves and really have no place teaching someone else's children about kindness and ethics.

 4. The media is also to blame for constantly exposing people to an attitude that winning is everything and it's fun to hurt other people… whether it's being as nasty to them as someone you see it a sitcom, or as violent toward them as someone you see in a video game or hear about in the lyrics of a rap song.

 The more people isolate themselves from others and get exposed to negative, hostile messages, the more ignorant and anti-social they are going to become if they have no influence in their lives that is countering those negative effects.
Q:
Why are people becoming increasingly more ignorant, and anti-social?  
Do you think that we live in an ignorant society?
Why technology should be to blame to an isolate society? Why media should be to blame too?
What do you this article said that teenagers appear to live in the virtual world?
Why people do trust each other these days?

What are the negative effects of social media?
「social phobia」的圖片搜尋結果
社交恐懼症
Social Phobia
A type of anxiety disorder, social phobia or social anxiety is a condition that is characterized by extreme self-consciousness and excessive shyness in daily social situations. Someone affected by this intense anxiety fears the judgment of others, and the perception of his actions in everyday circumstances. In the United States, approximately 5.3 million individuals aged 18-54 suffers from social phobia each year.

Similar to other phobias, social anxiety is a reaction to a situation that is not actually threatening or dangerous, although the mind and body act as if there is true danger present. Individuals experiencing the anxiety feel the physical sensations of fear, including rapid breathing and heart rate. This is caused by the body’s fight-flight mechanism, the response that prepares the body to either defend itself or flee. Episodes of phobia are also often accompanied by other physical symptoms, including profuse sweating, blushing, and trembling. Many times, victims will have an intense desire to escape from the distressing situation.

Social phobia may be limited to only one type of social situation. The anxiety sufferer can experience symptoms in an informal setting, such as eating or drinking in front of others, or a more formal situation, like public speaking. Those with profound social phobia will exhibit symptoms just being in the presence of others. This disorder can severely alter a person’s existence, and can cause him to miss out on many of the simple pleasures of life.

There are several treatment options currently available for social phobia. New studies find that cognitive-behavior therapy is successful in three out of four cases of this disorder. Based on the perception that particular thought patterns can trigger certain mental health issues, the purpose of cognitive therapy is to change the patient's way of thinking to avoid these notions. This form of therapy is generally practiced in sessions of 50 minutes each over a span of several weeks.

Antidepressant medications are also a common form of social anxiety treatment. Antidepressants can reduce the symptoms of social phobia by intervening with brain chemicals called serotonin, which may be causing anxiety. There are numerous types of antidepressants, each with both positive and negative aspects. The most common and successful form are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI).

Social phobia generally begins in the teenage years, and rarely develops after the age of 25. While the condition occurs in females twice as often as males, a greater percentage of men will seek help for it. Unless treated, social anxiety can be a lifelong disorder.
Q:
Do you having the social phobia problem?
Do you think that you have sharpen your social skills?
Are you an introvert person or an extrovert person?
What phobia do you have?
How to make an effective communication?
How to improve your social skills

How to conquer fear?

週二(1/5) 1.福報2.虛擬男/女朋友

歡迎參加 星期三PM7:30-9:00 新課程 
有效實用會話 /生活美語 實用俚語 英文歌曲
例句影片 講義現場提供 
板橋區文化路段421巷11弄1號 (陽光甜味咖啡館)
新埔捷運站1號出口 旁邊7-11巷子進入20公尺 看到夏朵美髮
左轉       聚會時間7:00pm--9:30pm 
「why we need help other」的圖片搜尋結果
福報
Rewarding Reasons to do good deeds   lifestyle.allwomenstalk

Good Karma
Okay, one of the reasons to do good deeds is NOT in the hope that good things will come your way! But if you believe in karma, what you do comes back to you, whether good or bad. So if you help other people out, you´ll receive good things yourself.

Pay It Forward
Has someone ever done a really nice thing for you? One of the best reasons to do good deeds is to return the favour. But it doesn´t have to be for the same person. The pay it forward principle means that one person does something to help another person, who then does a favour for a third, who passes it on to a fourth, and so on.
Read also: 7 Reasons Being a Polite Driver is Good for You ...

Feels Good
When you do someone a good turn, it feels great. And there´s nothing at all wrong with that! Feeling good about yourself is really beneficial, and you´ll probably be even more keen to help people out. Plus you´ll have lots of karma coming your way as well!

Brighten Someone´s Day
Doing good deeds doesn´t necessarily mean making extravagant gestures. The smallest thing can brighten someone´s day. For example, complimenting a neighbour on their #beautiful garden may cheer them up when they´re feeling down. Offering to do some shopping for an elderly person could be an enormous relief for them. Even thanking a shop assistant could brighten a dull day at work for them.

Improving the World
Let´s face it, there are enough problems in the world. So if we do each other a good turn as often as possible, it won´t cancel out all the bad stuff, but it will help to make the world just that little bit better. I think that´s a great reason for doing nice things. Being nice is laughed at, but there´s nothing wrong with it at all, and plenty that´s right.

I´ve given you some excellent reasons to do good deeds, so I hope they encourage you to get out there and act. We often forget that we are part of a community, and by doing good deeds we can enjoy knowing that we aren´t isolated units. Plus it can be an amazing boost for the people that we help.
Q:
Do you believe that there would be rewards for good deeds?
Do you believe in karma?
How to brighten someone´s day
How to improve your luck and how to get rid of bad luck?
How to improving the world?                  
Why do we feel good when we help others?
Why should we help others?
「Invisible Boyfriend app」的圖片搜尋結果
虛擬男/女朋友
Invisible Boyfriend app gives single girls a dream man who will always text back  dailymail.co.uk

Whether you are lonely or just plain sick of explaining why you are single, the Invisible Boyfriend (or Invisible Girlfriend) app created by Matthew Homann and Kyle Tabor allows users to experience the fake relationships of their dreams.

For $24.99 a month you can immediately feel the effects of a rewarding virtual partner with the app designed to send users texts, voicemails and even a handwritten note from the perfect person that they created. When FEMAIL learned that the Minnesota-based app had launched in BETA today, we knew we had to try it.

First up, I had to pick my lover's name and age. I soon learned that choosing your boyfriend's name is stressful. I imagine that I took the same amount of time someone would take to name their first born son before finally settling on the moniker: Liam Alexander James.

Age was easier to dream up. My current boyfriend is nine months younger than me, which he never lets me forget. With that in mind, I made my new partner an older, more mature 33 years old.

I was then prompted to pick a photo that would represent Liam's appearance. I settled on the stock photo of a man with an attractive amount of facial scruff and moved on.

After dealing with the physical, I was asked about my virtual partner's personality and interests. I knew I wanted him to be 'witty and educated,' so it made sense for him to also be interested in books, sports and chess. For one fleeting moment, I thought he might be able to teach me how to play the board game.

Next, I was asked to describe how Liam and I met. This was my moment to create a Nora Ephron-inspired rom com, but instead, I wrote that we grabbed the same book that was on display at the bookstore. Cute enough. Did I mention this app is thorough?
Q:
What do you think about “the Invisible Boyfriend (or Invisible Girlfriend) app”?
“Apps for Virtual Boyfriend/girlfriend” good or bad?
What are the new functions of App you really want?
Is online dating a good idea?
Do you think social media even make us more lonely?
How to Find the Girl /the boy of Your Dreams

Where to Find a Boyfriend/ Girlfriend?

周六(1/2) 1.如何學習新事物2.如何鼓勵他人

好友們  新年快樂!
新的ㄧ年 Billy 有兩個方向 必須要學的 1.如何學習新事物2.如何鼓勵他人
鼓勵他人  就是鼓勵自己  歡迎來討論
板橋區文化路段421巷11弄1號 (陽光甜味咖啡館)
新埔捷運站1號出口 旁邊7-11巷子進入20公尺 看到夏朵美髮
左轉       聚會時間7:00pm--9:30pm 
「Learn Something New」的圖片搜尋結果
如何學習新事物
How to Learn Something New Every Day

Do you wish that when your friends ask you "What did you learn today?" you said something other than "nothing"? This article presents ideas for you to use to make sure you learn something new every day.

Use the internet. Using a search engine (e.g. Google, Yahoo, and MSN) and type in something you've always wanted to know. It could be anything from the history of a play to the process used to package your favorite snack.

Pick up a book such as a dictionary or encyclopedia. Open to a random page and read the first word or article you see.

Talk to someone you know: a teacher, a friend, an uncle, or even your parents. Ask them to tell you about something they experienced or saw when they were growing up.

Talk to a stranger. When you're visiting their hometown as a tourist, they can show you the interesting places (that may not be featured in your tourist guide!).

Watch educational television. National Geographic Channel, Animal Planet, History Channel, Modern Marvels, your preferred news broadcaster, etc. A lot of information is presented via the television. There are many opportunities to pick up a fact or learn more about an incident you only had vague knowledge of when watching educational television.

Read. It doesn't matter what. The morning paper, the ingredients list on the cereal box, billboards and street signs on your way to the bus stop (or while you are on the bus), magazines like National Geographic, Wired, etc... Just read and learn. Reading the editorial in the newspaper helps you understand what's going on in the world. Magazines usually contain all sorts of stories and information on various topics. And who doesn't want to know what's in their food, or where the best sales are?
Q:
How to Learn Something New Every Day?
What are the things that you really want to learn?
Do you think Using the internet can help broaden our knowledge?
How to sharpen your skills?
How often you read books and can you recommend a good book?
Who is the person can help you experience sty new?
Have you ever talk to a stranger?
Please recommend an educational television program?
「To Cheer Someone Up」的圖片搜尋結果
如何鼓勵他人
Simple And Creative Ways To Cheer Someone Up   Communication Motivationby Katherine Eion

Give Hugs
It sounds so simple, it’s stupid. But hugging someone truly relieves stress and can make another feel a lot better. Hugging is a great stress reliever for both parties and is very helpful when there are no words. Research shows that oxytocin, a chemical that is a natural stress reliever, is released in the brain when hugging. A hug conveys loving care when mere words just won’t do.

Have a Chuckle
The old adage, “Laughter is the best medicine,” certainly applies here. Help your friend or loved one to a good laugh at the situation. After all, nothing, not even pain—to paraphrase Charlie Chaplin—lasts forever. Use puns, jokes, or sarcasm to help another crack a hearty smile. Laughing just makes a person feel better and a good laugh might help to put a new spin or perspective on the situation.

Have a Movie Night
Gather some favorite snacks and share a movie. Click the link above for a list of movies that are sure to tickle the funny bone. If tears are in order, by all means grab a box of tissue and find a sad story. Sometimes, tears can be as cathartic as laughter. Or choose a movie, such as Steel Magnolias, that is a good mix of comedy and drama. Either way, a movie is a good way to help someone who is troubled take their mind off of the problem for a while.

Go Shopping
“Retail therapy” is sometimes disparaged. Give a quick lift by doing a little shopping. The spree need not be expensive. Set a budget and hit up secondhand, consignment, and thrift stores. Spend time together and purchase something that is entirely frivolous. If money is a problem, purchase and return the item later. Veer away from purchasing anything that is a “need.” This trip is all about a want, just remember to help your pal or loved one not to go overboard with spending.

Simply Be There
Sometimes all you can do is simply be there and that is absolutely fine. Listening and caring is worth a great deal to someone who needs to be cheered up. At times, there are simply no right words in the moment that are soothing and not potentially inappropriate. Being generous with your time says volumes about how much you truly care. Time is an important commodity and the person you care for knows it.
Q:
What are the ways to cheer someone up?  
Do you think that giving hugs a good way to cheer someone up?
Do you think that movies could encourage people?
What do you think that going shopping could cheer someone up?
What do you think about this saying “laughter is the best medicine,”?
Are you willing to be a listener when your friends need to talk to someone?



週五(1/1)1倒數進入新一年2新年新決心

板橋區文化路段421巷11弄1號 (陽光甜味咖啡館)
新埔捷運站1號出口 旁邊7-11巷子進入20公尺 看到夏朵美髮
左轉       聚會時間7:00pm--9:30pm
「Count down to the New Year」的圖片搜尋結果
倒數進入新一年
Count down to the New Year  timeanddate

New Year’s Eve is one of the largest global celebrations because it marks the last day of the year in the Gregorian calendar, December 31, before the New Year. Count down to the New Year no matter where you are in the world.

What Do People Do?

New Year’s Eve is a day of mixed feelings for many people. On one hand, it is a time to celebrate the end of the year gone by and welcome what is in store in the New Year. On the other hand, some people experience a sense of nostalgia as they reflect on the events that took place in their lives in the past 12 months. Many people start thinking about New Year’s resolutions at this time of the year.

Some people celebrate New Year’s Eve by attending midnight church services, while others gather around in public venues such as Times Square in New York City, or Trafalgar Square in London to count down for the closing seconds of the old year. Many people hold parties to farewell the finishing year and to celebrate the New Year. The size of festive events for New Year’s Eve can vary in size and theme. Some people attend formal masquerade balls while others have costume parties. Some people have small parties or gatherings at their homes. Many New Year’s Eve celebrations are highlighted by firework displays.

Many people start counting down to New Year’s Day in the last minute or seconds before the last night of the year ends and the New Year begins. Some people tune into watching televised countdowns. As the clock strikes midnight into New Year’s Day, many people celebrate this event by exchanging hugs, kisses, and wish each other a “Happy New Year”. In some parts of the world, including in the United States, many people sing the Scottish song “Auld Lang Syne” during the New Year’s Eve celebrations.

Public Life

New Year’s Eve is a public holiday in places such as Latvia, the Philippines, and San Marino. It is a holiday for banks in countries such as Bangladesh, Brunei, Paraguay, and Japan (New Year’s Eve is also a government holiday in Japan).

New Year’s Eve is not a nationwide public holiday in countries such as Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States, but some businesses close early, schools are usually closed, and many people may have half a day off work.  Those wishing to travel via public transport may need to check with the local transport authorities on public transport schedules for New Year’s Eve.
Q:
What do you think of the counting down activity to the New Year?  
What are your plans for New Year holidays?
What do you think that the firework displays in the101 building?
What are the best things you did in the past year?
Do you know any different culture of New Year celebration?


What do people do in the New Year?

「new Year’s Resolutions2016」的圖片搜尋結果
新年新決心
New Year’s Resolutions That’ll Make 2016 The Best Year Yet  by Lauren Vino

Hit the gym
Working out is one of the best things anyone can do for themselves, but the challenge is being consistent. Even if you’re only working out for 10 minutes, if you’re doing it five days a week it totally counts as a healthy habit. The options are endlessly easy from joining gym, taking a class, downloading a workout app or just following a fitness-based Instagram account. Pick something you can stick to and the only thing you’ll be giving up is inches.

Dabble in a foreign language
Learning a language as an adult can be a huge challenge, but it’s one that’s incredibly satisfying to overcome. Unless you remember ~everything~ from your high school Spanish class, there are countless apps, websites and other resources to get you started. Perhaps in 2017 you can reward yourself by visiting the country of whatever language you learn. Which brings us to…

Put money into a savings account
It might seem boring, but this is the only habit that actually pays for itself and then some. You don’t need much to get started; some banks only require a minimum opening deposit of $25. From there, decide on an amount you can commit to putting away every month. Most banks will let you set up an automatic monthly transfer into your savings, so you don’t have to think about it. Gradually money you don’t even realize you’re missing will appear in your savings account, and you’ll magically feel more like an adult.

Join a book club
Reading is good for you; science and your mom have already told you so. Taking the time to get through a book is one of those things we all say we’re going to do — until we pick up our smartphones. By joining a book club, you increase both your accountability and enjoyment of this healthy habit, with the addition of social interaction and snacks.
Q:
What are your new year’s resolutions?
Do you do exercise regularly?
Do you think that learning a new language as an adult is a huge challenge?
How to learn something new for the coming new year?
How to save more money?
Do you make spending budget usually?
Why reading is good for us? How often you read books?



週四(12/31)1.如何”說”的漂亮? 2.PM2.5真要命

歡迎參加 星期三PM7:30-9:00 新課程 
有效實用會話 實用俚語 英文歌曲
例句影片 講義現場提供 
板橋區文化路段421巷11弄1號 (陽光甜味咖啡館)
新埔捷運站1號出口 旁邊7-11巷子進入20公尺 看到夏朵美髮
左轉       聚會時間7:00pm--9:30pm
「Speak Nicely」的圖片搜尋結果
如何”說”的漂亮?
How to Speak Nicely

Speaking nicely to other people is about using your empathy to be considerate of others. It is about saying things clearly so that you are understood well. Speaking nicely also involves thinking before you speak, in order to put aside any of your own hostilities, annoyances and gripes that can cause tension or upset when holding a conversation or discussion.

Say what you mean without demeaning another. Be assertive, not aggressive or manipulative. This means stating clearly and firmly what your needs, interests and preferences are without overriding the interests or needs of the listener. If you are aggressive or manipulative, this places the listener on the defensive and isn't a nice way to engage in a discussion.
Slow down when discussing important issues. You may feel excited, impassioned, angry or even fearful about a particular topic but your emotions are not an excuse to shoot from the hip and rally off a whole bunch of insults or demands. Instead, take the time to respond to things that matter to you or set off your emotions. There is no harm in saying something like, "That's a big issue you've raised there. I'm going to need to think it over for a day or two and get back to you on that." Buying yourself time also gives you a chance to cool off and reflect over the matter. Ultimately, it means that you keep the discussion nice.
Avoid being impulsive. Your listener may think you rude and even mean if you keep cutting them off before they've had a chance to fully explain, explore or talk about their issues. If you are in the habit of always cutting people off, or always needing to butt in and add your two cents worth before the whole story is laid out, learn to restrain yourself. Nice talk is like a well orchestrated game, with each side having a turn and in between turns, avid concentration on what the other person is really saying.
Avoid speaking ill. Gossip, rumors and backstabbing conversations have no place when you're aiming to speak nicely. Complaining is also out. Find positive and constructive ways to explain yourself and the things that happen to you. Concentrate on what you want rather on how you wish other people would behave. Remember that you can't change other people but you can make it clear what you want to happen for yourself.
Be the bearer of good news. Even in times of hardship and difficulty, it is possible to relay information in a way that helps people rather than leaves them feeling sad, angry or at a loss. Look for ways to bring positive things to everyone's attention, all while acknowledging the hardship. This is as much a habit as always complaining is a habit, and with practice, you can turn it around.
Q:
How to speak nicely?
Is it good that manipulating conversation?
What do you think that the habit of always cutting people off?
What do you think about gossip, rumors and backstabbing conversations?
Is using sarcasm good while chatting?
Do you always bring positive things when speak to others?
How to Deal With Criticism?
「pm2.5 台灣」的圖片搜尋結果
PM2.5真要命 去年害死6000人
Excessive exposure to PM2.5 cost 6,000 lives last year: research    CNA By Lung Pei-ning and Lee Hsin-Yin

Taipei, Dec. 24 (CNA) More than 6,000 people died of diseases exacerbated by excessive exposure to particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) in Taiwan last year, according to research by National Taiwan University released Thursday.

PM2.5, known to be linked to several chronic health problems, caused the deaths of 2,240 ischemic heart disease patients, 2,140 stroke patients, 1,250 lung cancer patients and 645 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, the research shows.

The top three administrative areas recording PM2.5-related deaths are Yunlin County, Nantou County and Kaohsiung, accounting for 21.8 percent, 21.7 percent and 21.6 percent of the victims, respectively.

Lin Hsien-ho (林先和), an associate professor of the university's College of Public Health, said exposure to PM2.5 can also increase the risk of developing active tuberculosis, as the exposure could change the function of the immune cells that protect against the bacteria that causes the disease.

Each increase of 10 µg/m³ in the amount of PM2.5 exposure can raise the chance of developing tuberculosis by 39 percent, Lin said.

He added that each increase of 10 parts per billion in the amount of exposure to the traffic pollutants nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxide can increase by 33 percent and 21 percent, respectively, the chances of getting the disease.

The annual PM2.5 level in Taiwan was 25 µg/m³ last year, 2.5 times the World Health Organization's safe level, he said, urging the government to launch preventive measures to safeguard people's health.
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