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週二(7/1) 1.潛意識的力量2. 壞經驗中學習

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潛意識的力量
  1. Subconscious Mind and its Impact on Our Behaviour
        “Whatever we plant in our subconscious mind and nourish with repetition and emotion will one day become a reality.” – Earl Nightingale
    I can guarantee all of you would vouch for yourselves: “I have self-control.” “I can control my behaviour.” Surprisingly enough, our actions are little under our control and there is a driving force behind our every action.
    Implausible as this might seem, I believe it is true. When you think before taking an action or deciding on something, you do so using your conscious mind. But life is replete with different actions at every moment and every step. All those actions are not always a result of your conscious decisions, but subconscious mind too plays a major role. The actions controlled by your subconscious mind are beyond your control.
    The study of subconscious mind and understanding it can help improve your relations and help you know people better.
    Know What Subconscious Mind Is
    Let us take a simple example of car driving process. When you first learn driving, you completely focus on your car’s gear and clutch. You concentrate deeply on the whole process. You notice every bump, every pothole, and every obstacle. As you become trained, your subconscious mind stores all your actions, and you start driving without making cognisant effort. You begin to avoid obstacles automatically, change gears automatically, while performing other actions at the same time such as listening to music, or talking on phone. Once you become a pro, the whole driving process becomes natural for you and your decisions become automatic.
    Here is a little practical experiment to experience actions of the subconscious mind. Put your hand horizontally, with your palm facing upwards in front of you and imagine holding a lemon. Your mouth will water. Your conscious mind is aware that no lemon actually is present and that it is just an imagination. The subconscious mind, however, acts illogically and believes what the conscious mind is thinking. This makes your mouth water.
    What Happens Inside Your Subconscious Mind?
    Just like driving a car on topsy-turvy roads and evading potholes, you have been constantly driving through your life’s journey- a ride that you began as a kid. There were several different potholes and obstacles that came your way, and you crossed all of them, and with vital learning all along.
    Depending on whether your actions had negative or positive impact on you, important judgements were made by you on dos and don’ts, i.e. things you should and should not do. You made your own judgements on life’s potholes and decided what should be done to avoid obstacles.
    You gathered some knowledge and formed a knowledge base. You judged yourself, people around you and distinguished the good from the bad. Based on people’s looks, all of you made conclusions. Just because you met some bad person who had grey eyes and a long nose, your kid brain came to a conclusion that all persons with grey eyes and long noses were bad.
    Q:1.      How much does our subconscious mind influence our lives?
    How the subconscious affects a person's behavior?
    2.      How to persuade people with subconscious techniques?
    How to influence anyone?
    3.      How to discover your potentials?
    4.      Tips to help you to discover your maximum potential?
    5.      How do you follow your instincts?
    6.      Can you really trust your gut when making decisions?


    壞經驗中學習
    Are bad experiences a need for human growth? (Jessica Figueroa)


    The experiences we consider bad, are necessary to reach a certain level of mature thinking?


    I come from a place where life is not the easiest one, lots of poverty, many natural disaster, very unfair when it comes to justice, etc. And now that i got to travel to other countries, sometimes i see people creating a big deal over small things, some are very attach to materialistic things, many young people (mostly girls) behave like people from tv, Im not trying to judge their life style, if they feel happy like that its ok, but i just think many people are missing out whats really important in the human life, which is family, friends, working towards your goals, get the necessary stuff to survive and find the things you enjoy doing the most etc. It's quite simple. Lots of my friends ask me why i'm happy most of the time, and I ask them why do you complain about things you shouldnt complain most of the time?.


    The Anti-Model: Learning from Bad Experiences


     (by Ariana Friedlander  rosabellaconsulting)


    Many of the books I’ve been reading lately talk about finding and modeling the people that you strive to be like in life. And that’s a great rule of thumb, generally speaking. But there are times when you’re dealing with people or situations that demonstrate the antithesis of the values you strive to embody.


    It’s easy, typical even, to complain about these situations. It’s you’re stupid boss, that idiot presenter, the disrespectful waiter. Everywhere you go, there are moments where you learn from bad experiences, from the anti-model.


    The anti-model is that person that does the thing you want to avoid doing. You know you’re in the presence of one when their actions, words and behavior make you shudder (think nail on chalkboard type of reaction here). That feeling can pre-empt a conscious decision not do “that thing.”


    Following through on that intention takes continuous effort.  First you must identify the negative cause and effect. Then you must be present within yourself to know when you’re crossing the line.  From there you have to self-correct.


    Anyway, I digress! The point is that having bad experiences, being treated unfairly, feeling disengaged or disrespected. All those moments where you want to complain about someone else. These are golden opportunities to learn. They’re doing something that you want to learn NOT to do. What is it?
    That’s just one example of a lesson I have learned from an anti-model. What bad experiences could you learn from? Who’s an anti-model in your life right now?  And what are you going to do about it?
    Questions:
    1.      Are bad experiences a need for human growth?
    2.      How to leave the unpleasant past behind?
    3.      How to deal with bad experiences?
    4.      Why we need to learn from our mistakes?
    5.      What are the things that we can learn from a bad boss/ a friend/ anti-models?
    How to deal with bad people?
    6.      What are the ways to cope when bad things happen?潛意識,左右人心的隱形力量
    科學人雜誌作者: 撰文/巴夫(John Bargh)翻譯/謝伯讓 

    .
    現代心理學暫把佛洛伊德的理論放一邊,透過實證研究窺探潛意識思維如何影響人們的行為與日常生活。
    重點提要
    ■人們在投票、買東西、尋找度假地點或者為許多生活瑣事做決定時,通常不會耗費太多心思。
    ■潛意識思維影響我們的思考方式和日常生活中的決策,而且理由充份。例如,當我們要閃避迎面而來的車子,自動化思考就很重要。
    ■潛意識思維不僅只於幫助我們注意四周環境,潛藏其中、無法從意識中察覺的心態,也形塑我們對其他事物的各種態度。
    ■佛洛伊德終其一生都在窮究潛意識思維的意義,而現代的研究則在人際關係上提出比較務實的觀點。
    當心理學家試著了解我們的心智如何運作時,他們常常得出一個可能會令人驚訝的結論:人們常常不假思索就做出決定,或更準確地說,在「有意識地」思考之前就做出決定。當我們決定投票給誰、買些什麼、去哪裡度假和其他許多事情時,我們都沒有察覺到的潛意識思維往往扮演著很重要的角色。而最近的一些研究,揭露了潛意識思維如何深刻影響人們的日常互動。
    探討人們在決策過程中受潛意識影響程度的研究中,最廣為人知的一項研究是關於人們如何決定候選人是否適任。實驗者讓受試者在極短時間內檢視一些非自己選區的美國州長及參議員候選人照片,接著要求他們做出評斷。沒想到,這樣的模擬投票竟然和稍後開出來的正式結果十分接近。根據比眨眼更短的瞬間看到的候選人臉孔來做出能力評量,像這樣的判斷過程,竟然符合三個州之中兩個州的選舉結果。
    100多年來,研究心智的科學家著迷於潛意識對思考與行為的影響。佛洛伊德(Sigmund Freud)的大量研究強調,人的意識層面負責理性的思維與情緒,而潛意識層面是非理性的大本營。不過現代的認知心理學家則把佛洛伊德的觀點重新定位於不再如此兩極化的心理動態歷程上,他們發現,藉由融合與重整這些「心智資源」,兩種思維歷程都可以幫助人們適應並存活在千變萬化的環境中,從石器時代智取乳齒象、中世紀的騎士長槍競技,一路到在21世紀賣空蘋果股票。
    後佛洛伊德(Post-Freudian)的心理學學派把本我和自我放在一旁,並採取了比較務實的方式來定義我們的潛意識心智。諾貝爾獎得主卡恩曼(Daniel Kahneman)曾探討過自動化思考和受控思考的現代區分方式。卡恩曼在他的暢銷書《快思慢想》(Thinking Fast and Slow)中提到,自動化思考十分快速、有效率且通常不在意識思維的範疇,因此無關深思熟慮,也缺乏計畫性,只需要簡單的刺激就能有所反應,例如看到此頁的文字,就可以輕易聯結它儲存在腦中的字意。受控思考則完全相反,需要刻意且相對緩慢地在意識思維中進行推敲,想想你在填所得申報書時得花多少心力就知道了。
    我們必須先知道潛意識思維對我們的影響,才不會被這些難以理解和控制的衝動所淹沒。各種行為(例如交友、快速適應新工作或克服酗酒問題)的調控能力,除了受到基因、性格和社會支持網絡的影響之外,也取決於我們是否能辨識並克制各種影響我們日常生活的自發衝動和情緒。我們如果想要自在地生活,就必須先認識自我的潛意識思維。
    最直接的反應
    當我們遇到陌生人時,對他的第一印象甚至在對話開始前就已經產生了。我們可能會觀察對方的種族、性別或年齡,一旦察覺到這些特徵就會自動聯結到已經內化的刻板印象,並讓我們認為什麼樣的人就會有什麼樣的行為模式。這些對於某些社群的預期心態,例如懷有敵意、懶散、討喜、機智等,其實很多時候都無法套用在我們眼前這位來自此族群的陌生人,而他通常也沒做過什麼來讓你產生這些好或壞的印象。
    研究潛意識如何影響個人對自己與他人的認知,通常著重在探討刻板印象和偏見,但其實這方面的研究,範圍更廣。一般來說,人們很難釐清各種正面和負面情緒的來源,並且時常誤解它們真正的起因,有一項經典的電話訪談研究,就顯示出這種現象:訪談當天的天氣會影響受訪者對自己人生的整體評估。如果當天是好天氣,受訪者較會認為自己的一生過得不錯。此外,若受訪者察覺到這項效應,他們的反應也會立即不同。當受訪者被要求注意當天的天氣時,天氣對他們造成的情緒影響便不復存在。
    生理影響心理
    有一些潛意識知覺的研究探討環境如何影響人們的心理狀態。現在任職於德國烏茲堡大學的施卓克(Fritz Strack),在1980年代和同事進行一連串的實驗發現,受試者的臉部表情(微笑或皺眉)會影響他們對眼前物品的評價。要求受試者用牙齒咬住鉛筆(此動作使用的肌肉與微笑時相同)或用嘴唇抿住鉛筆(使用的肌肉與皺眉時相同),結果顯示如此操弄臉部肌肉會促發相應的心理狀態。
    這類型的「體驗認知」(embodied cognition)研究發現,有許多生理動作和知覺感受都會誘發出具有象徵性或隱喻內涵的心理狀態。例如,想起過去曾經傷害別人的情感,會讓你比較想要友善地幫助別人並和他人合作,這是一種對過去惡行的補償心態。另一項廣為人知的研究也顯示,提醒受試者回想起某件感到罪惡的行為之後,如果受試者有洗手(研究人員佯稱實驗室中容易傳染感冒而要他們去洗手),則洗手行為似乎可以「洗去」他們的罪惡感;和沒有洗手的受試者相比,有洗手的受試者所有的友善或幫助傾向都會在洗手之後消失。這個現象稱做「馬克白效應」,取名來自於莎士比亞劇作角色馬克白夫人的強迫性洗手儀式。
    同樣地,對抗疾病似乎也會產生社會與政治效應。一項研究顯示,一些政治傾向較為保守的受試者接種H1N1流感病毒疫苗之後,和沒有接種疫苗的受試者相比,對新移民的態度會比較友善。流感疫苗對他們的保護似乎也延伸到他們對新移民的觀感,讓他們覺得新移民比較安全、沒有侵略性也不會剝奪自己現有的文化。
    人們時常用隱喻來描述我們周遭的人,例如「緊密」的人際關係或「冷酷」的父親。最近一個稱做「概念鷹架」(conceptual scaffolding)的理論認為,人們之所以能如此善用比喻,是因為心中的抽象概念和外在真實世界中的事物有強烈聯結。研究顯示,短暫握住一杯熱咖啡的受試者,與握住冰咖啡的受試者相比,容易覺得眼前的人較「溫暖」、友善且大方。一些相關的研究也探討其他生理經驗如何透過比喻的方式,不知不覺地影響人們的決策和行為。研究發現,讓受試者在談判時坐硬椅子,比起坐軟椅子的受試者,前者顯得比較「強硬」而且不願妥協;此外,握住粗糙的物品也會讓受試者對社交狀況感到突兀且不順利。
    我們很容易不自覺地對接觸到的一切事物進行粗略的好壞分類。這些無法察覺的自動化反應甚至會轉化成許多我們的基本行為,而影響我們去接近或遠離某項事物。荷蘭阿姆斯特丹大學的臨床心理學家維爾斯(Reinout Wiers)最近根據這個想法,成功開發出一種介入療法來治療酗酒與藥物濫用。在療程中,當病人看到許多與酗酒有關的圖片時,必須不斷推開一個把手,除此之外,並沒有要求對圖片的意涵做出任何評價。和對照組相比,被要求他們看到圖片時要推開把手的病人,一年後的復發率明顯降低,而且對酒精也反射性地出現較多的負向態度。肌肉運動在非意識層面與迴避反應建立了聯結,並發展出對酒精的負面心態和根深柢固的拒絕反應,使得病人在離開醫院後仍然可以成功克制飲酒的衝動。
    重新檢視佛洛伊德
    最近的研究首重探討潛意識的動機與目標,也是就關於「人們想要什麼?」這個基本問題,當然這也是佛洛伊德畢生探究的議題。關於行為的動機,現代理論對於驅策行為的因素抱持的觀點,與當年這位奧地利神經學家主張的不盡相同,因為前者根據的是一般人的群體研究,而後者則是來自精神病患的個案研究。現代理論主張每個人都擁有一套心理系統,此系統可以在意識可察覺或不可察覺到的兩種狀態下運作;而佛洛伊德認為,潛意識心靈具有和意識活動完全獨立的運作方式。
    事實上,現代心理學探討慾望的研究發現,無論我們是否意識到某個自我設定的目標,我們追求該目標的方式都不會有太大的差異。皮斯格林尼(Mathias Peesiglione)和傅瑞斯(Chris Frith)在英國倫敦大學學院威爾康基金會神經造影中心時,曾研究過這個現象。研究人員要求受試者一收到他們給的訊號就以最快速度去推動一個把手,而在每次給予訊號前,受試者都會被有意或無意地暗示,推完把手後會有什麼樣的獎勵。結果發現,高獎勵的暗示(數英鎊,低獎勵則是數便士)會讓受試者的反應變快,無論暗示是否被意識到都一樣。此外,腦造影顯示,對動機有反應的腦區,在收到意識可察覺或無法察覺的獎勵暗示時都會活化。這項研究以及其他類似的研究都顯示,潛意識訊息也可以刺激人們去追求某個目標,即使沒有察覺到動機來源也沒關係,也就是說,不需要意識或自由意志涉入其中。
    幸好,大多數人的目標都是想要促進他人的福祉,例如父母總是把對孩子有益的擺在首位。如果權力真的會普遍讓人在潛意識中激起重要個人目標,那麼這些以「社會」福祉為優先的人應該會變得更願意幫助他人且不會只在乎自己。的確,研究發現,權力可以讓這些人更容易採取一種利他的觀點,並且較不會勞煩他人。這是在他們完全沒有意識到自己的動機之下發生的,還有他們也會變得比較關心別人對自己的看法,並且比較不會有種族偏見。
    佛洛伊德用了成千上萬的文字解釋,為什麼人們無法達成的願望會以影像和故事的方式出現在夢境中?最新的研究提供一種比較務實的觀點,來解釋潛意識思維和情緒如何影響我們與上司、配偶和孩子之間的關係。這表示,我們可以把過時的伊底帕斯情結丟在一旁,並接受一個事實就是:潛意識思維時時刻刻影響著我們,無論我們是完全清醒或沉浸在深沉的夢鄉中。
    謝伯讓是美國達特茅斯學院認知科學博士,麻省理工學院腦與認知科學系博士後研究員。現任教於杜克–新加坡國立大學醫學研究院,研究主題為人腦如何感知世界。
    巴夫是美國耶魯大學心理學教授,他所領導的「自動化認知、動機與評估實驗室」專門研究潛意識思維對行為的影響以及自由意志是否存在等問題。
    不一致:當呈現的顏色和字意不相符時,受試者說出顏色的速度會變慢,這類測驗可用來測試意識無法察覺到的注意力分散。
    [ 回應評論 ]
    為何某些社會科學實驗結果無法重現?
     最近一些研究和評論指出,有些早期關於潛意識思維影響社會行為的實驗,例如聽到與年老有關的詞彙(像是「弗羅里達」和「賓果遊戲」)後,走路速度會變慢,但這類的研究結果無法重現。不過這些批評通常都忽略不提過去10年中還有許多與潛意識思維和行為有關的實驗結果,已成功重現多次,並且發展出新的研究方向。
     這些研究證實某些身體姿勢或常用詞彙一旦形成強烈的反應聯結,之後即使當下沒有察覺到這些姿勢或詞彙,仍可改變人們的行為(社會心理學家稱為「促發效應」)。許多證據顯示,潛意識引發的行為動機和可受意識控制的行為一樣,都會運用到相同的心理歷程(包括短期記憶和認知執行功能),而且,當人們受到潛意識衝動的影響時,還時常會誤解左右自己行為的真正原因。
     根據過去的研究經驗,有一些方法可以提高潛意識思維對行為的影響效果,可惜那些企圖重現實驗結果卻失敗的研究通常都沒有採用這些方法。許多早期的原始研究,多半採用文字或口語的刺激來促發行為。後來的研究如果避免使用與語言有關的刺激,而改用較自然且真實的方式(例如優秀運動員的照片)來促發行為,通常都會有比較好的效果。畢竟,這些才是日常生活中比較會造成潛意識促發效應的刺激。
     還有一些社會心理學的證據來自於腦造影研究。這一些研究顯示,意識無法察覺的暗示訊號如何讓大腦產生反應,讓我們得以了解促發效應的生理基礎。從腦造影可發現,對物體表面細緻或粗糙有所反應的腦區,也會相對應在社會互動過程順利或不順利時產生反應;位於中腦內對溫度有反應的區域,也會對友善和大方等「溫暖」人情產生反應。
    以上關鍵並不在於「某些決策和行為受潛意識效應所影響」的現象,是否為真且可重現(因為它們通常都是真的且已可重現),而是為何有人可以重現這些效應,但有人卻不行。這個問題攸關我們是否能進一步了解潛意識是如何影響社會認知,並且顯示出我們需要在能夠成功影響人們思考和行為的潛意識促發暗示(包括暗示的內容和環境條件)上,多做探究。雖然我們需要更多的研究,但目前的證據普遍明顯指出,潛意識效應在決策、情緒、行為以及動機上所造成的影響,對整個社會及每個人的日常生活都具有實用價值與重要性。
    許多生理動作和知覺感受,都會誘發人們顯現出具有象徵性或隱喻內涵的心理狀態。
    Automaticity in Social-Cognitive Processes.John A. Bargh et al. inTrends in Cognitive Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 12, pages 593–605; December 2012.
     The Selfish Goal: Autonomously Operating Motivational Structures as the Proximate Cause of Human Judgment and Behavior.Julie Y. Huang and John A. Bargh inBehavioral and Brain Sciences(in press).
    〈佛洛伊德重出江湖〉,《科學人》2004年6月號。
     〈政治腦〉,《科學人》2006年8月號。
     〈拋開偏見,我就是我〉,《科學人》2013年7月號。

    虛心學習 壞經驗也能變成大好經驗【文/大師輕鬆讀】



    即使是壞經驗,也能變成大好經驗,如果你能一路上保持學習的角度。讓它們帶給你好處。出錯教人痛苦,但多年之後,錯誤加起來就成了所謂的經驗。 


    成就大事的人會用不同的方式看待失敗。他們並不會去遮掩自己的錯誤,更不會從失敗中落荒而逃。他們抱持的態度是:「人生不是贏,就是學習。」他們深信,人生遭遇的任何情境,無論是在工作中或生活上,只要能正確運用,都能轉化成為我們前進的動力。


    沒有人會自己去招惹不好的經驗。然而,現實的情況是壞事就是會發生。要讓它們成為學習的經驗,你要:

    1.接受自己的本性──把這些不好的經驗當成人非聖賢的證明。人生本來就是這樣,接受它並繼續前進。

    2.學會自嘲──對自己捅出的爛攤子,幽默以對。 能讓你哈哈大笑的事情肯定不少。享受它吧。

    3.保持健康的觀點──告訴自己你剛發現了一些行不通的方法,因此也就更有機會找出對的方法了。提醒自己:

    .你的人生是由你的成就定義,而不是你最糟糕的時刻。
    .表現好壞不代表你。只要一息尚存,你就有機會把事情做好。

    .短期失敗明顯可以加快學習。直接結果就是你未來會更好更強。

    4.不要放棄──失敗就站起來,拍掉灰塵,重新再來。對未來保持樂觀。

    5.設定停損點──別讓壞經驗更惡化。弄清楚這個結果是因為無知還是愚蠢造成。如果是無知,快去學習你必須了解的事;如果是愚蠢,嚴守紀律做出更好的選擇。該改就改。

    6.轉變成好事──藉由學到教訓,讓壞經驗未來為你帶來好的經驗,並繼續向前邁進。歷史上多的是把壞經驗化為大好長期結果的人。努力加入他們的行列吧。



   


   

   


   


 

周六(6/28)1.自我創業2.超能力存在嗎?

聚會地點: 快提café 6:50PM-- 9:30PM新北市板橋區文化路一段38710 (沿著新埔捷運站1號出口左方向前走約100公尺 經過新埔郵局看到康是美 從信義房屋旁的巷子進入) 連絡電話: 0976217450   Billy
說吧!英文讀書會  完全免費  練習英文  交流知識  交友談心的平台  我們歡迎  老朋友
朋友 不設限  只要您想學英文   100%歡迎您  直接到聚會地點參加   地址在本會網頁上
只要您有熱誠  說一口流利英文不是問題  (周六班
有英文口語訓練)



7 Steps to Starting Your Own Business   entrepreneurs.about.com

( Mitchell York)
 
Is WhaMake Sure Entrepreneurship t You Really Want


If you are thinking of starting a business because you lost your job and are having trouble finding a new one, then think about doing a better job search. Hire a career coach or get some training. Starting a business is much harder than getting a job, so it's worth the extra effort to look for employment in a better way, if that's your true preference.Also, think about whether you have what it takes to start a business in these terms: No one will tell you what to do (except your customers). You have to be self-motivated, willing to make many sacrifices, and be able to last for the long term while your business goes from startup to maturity.

 
Decide What Kind of Business You Want
 
Franchiseor independent? Service or manufacturing? Brick-and-mortal retail or online? Consumer or business-to-business? There are dozens of different types of businesses, each with its own benefits and drawbacks. Like to work with the public? A retail store might be right for you, but you will face the tradeoff of having a lot of overhead (rent and utilities for example). Want to keep your business small with low overhead, and sell your expertise? Being a consultant might suit you, but there are only 24 hours in a day and that could limit your income.
 
 Write a Business Plan
 
With the dozens of business-plan-in-a-box resources available online, there is no longer an excuse not to write (not think, write) a business plan before you launch your business. Why write a plan even if you are the only person who works in the business? Because it forces you to answer critical questions that you must not ignore if you want to have a strong chance of success. It doesn't have to be long. Make it a single page if you don't have the patience to do more. But it should answer these questions:
 
- What is the purpose of the business?
 
- Who are my customers?
 
- What problem does my product/service solve?
 
- Who is my competition and why is my product/service's advantage?
 
- How will I price, position, market and support my product?
 
Assemble Your Team
 
While your team consists mainly of employees, think more broadly. You will need trusted advisors including an attorney, a tax accountant, an insurance advisor/agent. You may want to consider hiring a Virtual Assistant who's experienced in startups to handle the administrative tasks that come with launching a business.


超能力存在嗎?
Does superpowers really exist?
Hi, I'm really wondering if superpowers really exist? Like electricity, fire, water, earth, ice and else... I'm dreaming of one, and I need an answer! I'm paranoid.

Comment 1

People <> have super powers. People cannot somehow obtain super powers. Life is not a Harry Potter movie.

 
Comment 2

The powers of nature can, to a certain degree, be controlled, moderated, influenced and directed by people for our benefit. Those are not super powers.

You can buy or build generators that you, yourself, crank in order to create your own electricity. My super power comes from my knowledge that if I say "ON!" the lights will turn on (provided, of course, that I flip the switch at the same time).

Comment 3

    Look, up in the sky! It's a bird.... It's a plane..... It's superman! ! ! I'm sorry but superpowers don't and cannot exist. It's not physically possible to have those abilities and survive the consequences to even have those powers. Like the ability to fly, how is that possible? It's not! But it's good to keep your brain thinking and being creative so you can think whatever you desire. Just know deep down its not possible. But remember, we have thousands upon thousands of Batman's out there! Just not wearing costumes, and traveling in bat cars. There called, detectives! These detectives have the same intelligence of Batman, hence that's why batman was even created in the 40s or 50s due to the unbelievable work by police detectives. For example, Marvel's Captain America was created due to the heroism by American and allied troops on D-day. How they just ran onto the beach and took heavy fire and still had the will to fight, is amazing. So they created Captain America which in the comics he stormed the beaches of Normandy with the Allies as a secret weapon by the Americans. (answers.yahoo.com)



Part1. Questions:

1. What are the steps to starting your own business?

2. What kind of business you want to start? Why or why not?

What kind of business you think might suit you?

3. What to do if you lost your job?

4. What kind of business will make good money?

5. The pros & cons of starting a new business?

6. How to write a business plan?

How to attract and keep customers for a small business?

7. Why is teamwork important?

 

Part2. Questions:

What do you think the video film?

Do you admire heroes with superpowers?

Do Superpowers really exist?

Do you want be a hero with superpower? Why or why not?

If you could have any superpower, what would you choose?

What really is a hero, anyway?

If You Had A Super Power Would You Use It For Good Or Evil? How to use it?

 
來自星星的你 外星人&超能力真的存在嗎?

 
最近韓劇《來自星星的你》受到戲迷的歡迎與矚目,捧紅劇中由金秀賢所飾演的外星人都敏俊教授。在劇中,都教授活了四百多歲,卻保持青春容顏,還具有意念取物、千里眼、透視眼、讀心術和瞬間移動等特異能力。集這麼多特異功能於一身,難怪都教授儼然成為天之驕子,讓戲迷豔羨不已!
 
都教授的這些特異功能實際上存在嗎?

 
超能力2》意念致動

 
以超能力在不碰觸物體的情況下,將物體移動,這種能力被稱為「意念致動」。許多特異功能者都表演過這種能力,如將手錶指針停止、將湯匙彎曲、使物體或人漂浮空中等等。
 
「意念致動」特異功能在影劇中已經是所在多見,不勝枚舉。在《來自星星的你》一劇中,都教授移動水杯算是小事,令許多影迷難以忘懷的一幕,是把女主角千頌伊由數公尺外移到自己的懷中。
前蘇聯有一位知名的妮娜.庫拉金那(Nina Kulagina)女士,她本是一個平凡的家庭主婦,從1960年代開始,因為具有特異功能,成為蘇聯當局研究特異功能的對象。她可以在不觸及到火柴棒的情況下,讓散滿整張桌子的小火柴棒聚集在一起,也可以完全不以手碰觸,就讓放在倒置大玻璃杯內的小玻璃杯移動。其他著名的實驗還有在6英尺以外,以意念控制讓密閉容器內的生雞蛋蛋黃與蛋白分離。

 
1987年中國大陸王修壁曾做過對意念致動的科學實驗研究。他以超高速攝影機觀察,發現特異功能者確實可以將物體瞬間由密閉的玻璃瓶中,移動到玻璃瓶外。

千里眼,又被稱為遙視功能。這種超能力古代傳說中經常提到,例如媽祖身邊就有千里眼和順風耳二名左右侍衛。到了近代,各國政府認為遙視功能對於軍事戰略大有助益,因此展開軍事研究。
 
1972年開始,美國中央情報局(CIA)為因應蘇聯的軍力挑戰,委託位於加州的史丹福研究所(Stanford Research Institute),展開對超能力者英科‧史旺(Ingo Swann)的研究。研究人員只需告訴史旺先生任一特定地理座標,他即可遙視該地區,並將地圖繪出。有一次在他事前不知情的狀況下,要求他描述南緯4920分、東經7014分的狀況。實際上那裡是一個距離澳洲、南極洲、非洲三地幾乎同等距離而位於印度洋上的一個小島。史旺遙視後正確地描述出當地的情況,讓研究人員大為驚嘆。

 
1978年,美國陸軍情報部門進行名為「星座計畫」(Stargate programme)的遙視研究計畫。當時選出具有遙視功能的六名軍職人員,其中表現最出色的美國FBI官員喬‧馬克莫尼格爾(Joe McMoneagle),進行了四千多次遙視,成功率為53%1979年,馬克莫尼格爾對蘇聯位於白海靠近北極圈的海軍機密軍事設施進行遙視,發現了藏在建築物內的最新型潛艇。

 
在《來自星星的你》一劇中有一個為人津津樂道的情節,描繪都教授雖然沒有千里眼,但他可以聽到遠方的呼救聲,因而及時阻擋了即將墜入懸崖的轎車,救了車內女主角千頌伊一命。

 
在特異功能中,千里眼和順風耳是類似的功能,都教授所擁有的功能,就是所謂的順風耳。
 
超能力4》透視眼

 
透視功能與遙視功能一樣,都是自古以來有大量案例的功能。在中國古代,相傳扁鵲和華佗即具有透視能力。華佗能看到曹操腦內長瘤,即為典型的人體透視功能。

 
現代許多氣功師也宣稱可以觀察密閉器皿中的物體。中國大陸的學者甚至研究過讓原先不具備功能的514歲少年,經過短期的訓練,即可辨識裝於黑色密封盒子內的紙條上的文字。日本過去有位具有透視功能的女子「千鶴子」,1930年代在東京接受當時科學界的名人測試:他們將寫好的字封入鉛管內,等到千鶴子透視完成後,再將鉛管當場鋸開。千鶴子成功地辨識出是「盜、丸、射」這三個字,證明她的透視能力,震驚了在場的所有日本科學家。(watchinese.com)



 


 


 






 



 
 


 


 


 









 
 



 


 

周五(6/27) 1. 利他或利己2.刺青vs工作場合

周五聚會地點: 快提café  700PM-- 9:30PM新北市板橋區文化路一段387巷10號 (沿著新埔捷運站1號出口左方向前走約100公尺 經過新埔郵局看到康是美 從信義房屋旁的巷子進入)    連絡電話: 0976217450   Billy
說吧!英文讀書會  完全免費  練習英文  交流知識  交友談心的平台  我們歡迎  老朋友
新朋友 不設限  只要您想學英文   100%歡迎您  直接到聚會地點參加   地址在本會網頁上
只要您有熱誠  說一口流利英文不是問題
利他或利己?
由智慧美女 凱玲 為您主持

Are you an altruist or an egoist? (Wikipedia)
 Giving alms to the poor is often considered an altruistic action.
Altruism or selflessness is the principle or practice of concern for the welfare of others. It is a traditional virtue in many cultures and a core aspect of various religious traditions and secular worldviews, though the concept of "others" toward whom concern should be directed can vary among cultures and religions. Altruism or selflessness is the opposite of selfishness.


Altruism can be distinguished from feelings of loyalty. Pure altruism consists of sacrificing something for someone other than the self (e.g. sacrificing time, energy or possessions)

an altruist or an egoist test

1      Firstly, a question you'll find everywhere: You and your enemy are surrounded by terrorists. What do you do?

        Fight to save yourself, and your enemy if he gives you 1 million dollars/euros/something else.

        Fight to save your enemy.

        Fight to save you both.

        Fight to save yourself.

        Kill yourself.

        Kill you both.

2      If you were offered 1 million dollars/euros/something else for killing your friend and you are told that you will be killed if you don't, what do you do?

        Kill your friend. Firstly, you get lots of money and secondly you don't die.

        Kill yourself. (Why??)

        Say no and get killed.

        Do it but feel bad about doing it.

        Kill your friend, then kill yourself because you feel so bad about it.

        Claim that you will kill your friend, then leave town.

3      If you see a child being bullied, what do you do?

        Tell the bullies to stop.

        Tell the bullies to stop, but back off if they start threatening you

        Fight the bullies.

        Watch it with disapproval, but do nothing.

        Watch it feeling nothing, and if the bullies offer you money, then help the bullies.


Questions:

1. What do you think about the video films?

2. Are you an altruist or an egoist?

What do you think about egoism and altruism?
3. You and your enemy are surrounded by terrorists. What do you do?
 
4. If you see a person being bullied, what do you do?

5. Are you willing to sacrifice your life for a complete stranger?
 
6. Would you kill a stranger for a billion dollars?
 
7. Would you risk your own life to help people in danger?
 
8. Are you willing help friends in difficulty?
 
Are you willing help friends in financial problem?
 
9. Do you want to be a super hero?
刺青vs工作場合
         
                                   
Tattoos in the Workplace: What's an Employer to Do?
( By Barrie Gross, AllBusiness)

Tattoos used to be considered part of a counterculture. It's probably a fair statement to say that for years, many people associated tattoos with gangs, bikers, and other groups that were thought to operate outside of the social center. Today, tattoos have gained wider social acceptance and more and more people, men and women alike, have them. People with tattoos work in a variety of industries and hold entry-level jobs as well as top executive positions. So, what's an employer to do? Is body art a workplace issue? Does having a visible tattoo say anything about an individual that is relevant to his or her job?

In today's global marketplace, employers are taking more seriously the need to provide a work environment that welcomes employees from many different backgrounds. The competition to attract and retain skilled workers has resulted in corporate cultures that strive to demonstrate the value placed on individual and group contributions. And there is increasing attention paid to offering a company culture and benefit package that supports a variety of lifestyles. Should someone with a visible tattoo be treated any differently?

Depending on what and where the tattoo is, there may or may not be an issue for employers. The laws still tend to support employer dress code/appearance policies in general and employers retain some flexibility in creating rules that require employees to present themselves in a way that is consistent with the employer's image. But that doesn't mean that banning tattoos altogether is appropriate. In some cases, it can still violate the law.

 Many employers have policies that do not allow visible tattoos. Depending on the employer's industry and the type of job, this may make sense. For example, the odds are that a four-star hotel may not want the concierge to have large tattoos of skulls and crossbones on the back of each hand. But the same hotel may have less concern if a dishwasher in the kitchen has those same tattoos because direct contact with the hotel's customers is minimal. From a business perspective, the issue for the hotel is to write a policy that draws appropriate lines between jobs in which visible tattoos may or may not be appropriate.

This example is probably a simple one. It can get more complicated, however, if an employer is not thoughtful. For example, what if a bank employs a valued administrative assistant who never has contact with customers? His desk is located in the corporate headquarters and his interactions are strictly internal. Is it okay if this person arrives at work one day with a star tattooed under his eye? The answer, in part, is dependent on the corporate culture and the bank's general attitude toward tattoos. It also, however, is dependent on the difficulty in recruiting and retaining good administrative assistants.

Questions:

1. What do you think of tattoos? Do you want to get tattoos?

2. What do you think tattoos in the workplace?
 
3. Do you think that tattoo is a counterculture?
 
4.Can having visible tattoos really hinder your job opportunities
 
Can an employer fire someone who having visible tattoos?
 
5. Is it acceptable for doctor’s /nurses/ teachers have a tattoo?
 
Will having tattoos affect one’s career?
 
6. Why do 'normal' people get tattoos?
 
7. What to do you think that girls with visible tattoos?
 
What to do if your girlfriend is having a visible tattoo?
 
8. What to do you think about piercings?