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走路與長壽
Walking benefits: increasing daily steps linked to longer life, study shows
Australian Associated Press
Research that monitored 3,000 Australians over 15 years shows sedentary people who increase number of steps have significantly reduced mortality
Walking
Walking further each day may help prolong life, research shows. Photograph: Dave Hunt/AAP
Increasing the daily number of steps a person takes is linked to living longer, new research shows.
The study by the George Institute for Global Health and the Menzies Research Institute in Tasmania, published in the PLOS ONE journal, monitored 3,000 Australians over 15 years.
Each participant, with an average age of almost 59 at the start of the study, was given a pedometer to measure the number of steps they took daily, study author Professor Terry Dwyer said.
A sedentary person who increased his or her steps from 1,000 to 10,000 a day, seven days a week, was found to have a 46% lower mortality risk. If increased to 3,000 a day five days a week, the person had a 12% lower risk.
The association between daily steps and mortality was largely independent of factors such as Body Mass Index and smoking, Dwyer said.
Previous studies have measured physical activity by questionnaire only. Dwyer said this study was the first to use pedometers to make the link between exercise and reduced mortality over time in people who appeared healthy at the outset.
“Exercise should now be seen as a potential means of increasing longevity,” he said. “We know through this research, that daily step count is inversely associated with all-cause mortality.
“People who increase their daily steps appear to have a substantial reduction in mortality risk.
“Pedometers and activity devices are growing in popularity so the ability to measure and realise the benefits of exercise are at everyone’s fingertips and we should all take advantage.”
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Does Spending Money Make You Happy? | Social Psychology Online
socialpsychonline
You’ve probably heard that money can’t buy happiness. It also can’t buy you love. It also doesn’t grow on trees. Come to think of it, people are pretty insistent that money doesn’t do much at all…except make the world go ’round.
Happiness course In general, there’s some truth to the idea that money and happiness are not inextricably linked. Although it’s true that people in poverty tend to be less happy than people who have more money, once your income affords you a reasonably comfortable life, having even more money usually doesn’t mean being even happier.
Nevertheless, people often think that more money = more happiness (with some notable exceptions) and that we can find satisfaction through buying the things we want most, but the enlightened among us are quick to correct this notion.
Indeed, research shows that the more materialistic people are, the less happy they are. They’re more likely to be depressed. They tend to have lower self-esteem. They have poorer relationships and are less willing to get involved in their communities. There are real downsides to our materialistic urges.
Sometimes Spending Money Makes You Happier
Does Spending Money Make You Happy? New research has started to show, however, that spending money can lead to happiness…but only if you spend wisely. That is, there are some types of spending that actually do make you feel better.
For example, several studies have shown that spending money on experiences (vs. products) can make us happier. In other words, being super materialistic and stocking up on fancy kitchen gadgets for yourself isn’t going to have the happiness payoff you’re looking for. Putting that same amount of money toward an interesting trip or a night at the theatre could actually have such a payoff.
Other research has also shown that people do feel happier after spending money on other people. So finding an opportunity to spend a little money on someone else–buying them a snack from the vending machine, donating to charity, or paying for the coffee of the person behind you in line–might be a way to turn cash into happiness.
All of this is just to say that it isn’t that “money can’t buy happiness”…it’s that poorly spent money doesn’t buy happiness.
Spending Money Your Way
psychology of happiness Of course, social psychologists learned a long time ago that there’s probably no such thing as a one-size-fits-all psychological theory of everyone. Just because things tend to be true about how human beings think and interact with the world, it doesn’t mean that humans aren’t messy and complicated.
This is especially true when it comes to happiness.
Even though spending money on experiences tends to make people happier than spending on material products, it’s especially true for people who already prefer to make experiential purchases anyway. Also, even though spending money on other people tends to make people happier than spending on oneself, it’s especially true for people whose values emphasize concern for others.
In other words, spending money in a way that fits your personality and values is what makes you happier.
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