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你的聲音背叛了性格!
Your voice betrays your personality in a split second By Helen Thomson newscientist
You had me at “Hello”! It turns out our opening words speak volumes – people take less than a second to form an impression of someone’s personality based on their voice alone.
We know that our voices can transmit subtle signals about our gender, age, even body strength and certain personality traits, but Phil McAleer at the University of Glasgow and his colleagues wondered whether we make an instant impression. To find out, they recorded 64 people as they read a passage. They then extracted the word “hello” and asked 320 people to rate the voices on a scale of 1 to 9 for one of 10 perceived personality traits – including trustworthiness, dominance and attractiveness.
Although it’s not clear how accurate such snap judgements are, what is apparent is that we all make them, and very quickly. “We were surprised by just how similar people’s ratings were,” says McAleer. Using a scale in which 0 represents no agreement on a perceived trait and 1 reflects complete agreement, all 10 traits scored on average 0.92 – meaning most people agreed very closely to what extent each voice represented each trait.
It makes sense that decisions about personality should happen really fast, says McAleer. “There’s this evolutionary ‘approach/avoidance’ idea – you want to quickly know if you can trust a person so you can approach them or run away and that would be redundant if it took too long to figure it out.”
The impression that our voices convey – even from an audio clip lasting just 390 milliseconds – appears to be down to several factors, for example, the pitch of a person’s voice influenced how trustworthy they seemed. “A guy who raises his pitch becomes more trustworthy,” says McAleer. “Whereas a girl who glides from a high to a low pitch is seen as more trustworthy than a girl whose voice goes up at the end of the word.”
It is possible to change some of these aspects of your voice, he says. “It has been rumoured that Margaret Thatcher and the Queen were both trained to make their voices appear more dominant.” Some aspects though, are less malleable. For example, the shape of the vocal tract influences perceived dominance.
“The methods used in this paper are familiar, but the conclusions are novel and very interesting,” says Jody Kreiman, who researchers voice perception at the University of California, Los Angeles. The way the study links personality to attractiveness and reproductive fitness makes sense biologically, she says.
The team hope that their work can be used to help create artificial voices for people who have lost their own due to a medical condition, as well as creating likeable and engaging voices for satnavs, and other robotics. “You might also use this kind of work to find the right person to front a team,” says McAleer, “you don’t want a really untrustworthy voice running your call centre.”
Q:
Is your voice relate to your personality?
Can you tell someone’s personality based on their voice?
Is it fair to make judgments base on vice?
How to convey a good voice impression?
What are the factors that we make an instant impression?
What are the personality traits of likeable people?
學習”樂觀”
Steps to a More Optimistic and Positive Attitude
Our attitude has a profound effect on the quality of our life. Optimism and pessimism create two completely different realities. By taking a few simple steps to adopt a more optimistic and positive attitude, you can enjoy both immediate and long term benefits.
Choose Happiness. Being happy is not about circumstances or any other outside force. Happiness is a decision we make. Why not make up your mind to embrace happiness, starting now? Go ahead and make a decision. Let your personal identity get all wrapped up in the concept of happiness. Fold it around yourself like a big comfortable blanket.
Substitute Challenges for Problems. Subconsciously, the word problem says, “Life is not as it should be.” This causes your energy to be funneled toward repairing something that’s gone wrong. On the other hand, the word challenge sends no such message. Instead of trying to repair a malfunction, your resources are recruited to search for a new opportunity. Seeing an experience as a challenge will focus your attention on a positive outcome.
View Life as a Journey. A journey is an adventure of discovery. When we are on a journey we don’t fear change, we welcome it. We look forward to new and unfamiliar experiences. On a journey we are optimistic about new experiences because we are filled with the expectation of a wonderful adventure. This is the perfect positive attitude to carry with you every day.
Stop and Smell the Roses. When you constantly feel rushed and scattered, it can be difficult to maintain an optimistic outlook. Buying out regular opportunities to focus on simple pleasures can help restore a sense of balance to your life. By pausing briefly to really taste your food or enjoy a beautiful piece of music, you remind yourself of the joy of simplicity.
Hang Out With Optimistic People. Use the power of peer influence to feed your sense of optimism. The positive attitude of the people around you can be a powerful force for good. Seek out the company of those with a sunny disposition and let yourself be influenced by their optimism. Use the group dynamic to your benefit.
Minimize Exposure to Negative Influences. Stop watching, reading, or listening to the news. If you can free yourself from this negative influence it will change your life. Without that pervasive daily dose of despair, you will find it so much easier to be optimistic and to focus on positive things in life.
Q:
What are the ways that having a more optimistic and positive attitude?
What are the benefits being an optimistic person?
How to see a new experience as a challenge?
Are you fear of changing? How to overcome fears?
What are the benefits of hanging out with optimistic people?
How to minimize yourself exposure to negative influences?
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