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飢餓與生氣/新單字
Feeling Hangry Is a Real Thing
Julia Naftulin September health.com
We asked an expert to explain why you get so cranky before a late lunch.
Ever notice how when your tummy is rumbling, you're more likely to lash out at unsuspecting loved ones or even innocent bystanders? This sudden, irrational rage is often referred to as "hanger" (a combo of hunger and anger) and experts say it is a very real thing.
"When we do not eat, blood sugar goes low," explains Deena Adimoolam, MD, an assistant professor in the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. When your blood sugar falls, the hormones cortisol and epinephrine are released in an attempt to raise it back to normal. But those hormones also happen to lead to irritability, which explains why you're so crabby when you skip breakfast.
Another hormone, called Neuropeptide Y, plays a role in hanger too, adds Dr. Adimoolam. Neuropeptide Y helps create a hungry feeling when your body needs more food—and it's also linked to aggression.
Researchers have documented the hangry phenomenon in relationships: A study from Ohio State University on married couples found that the lower the participants' blood sugar level, the angrier and more aggressive they felt toward their partners.
RELATED: 17 High-Protein Snacks You Can Eat on the Go
So when, exactly, does hanger kick in between meals? "It varies by every individual," says Dr. Adimoolam. "But the lower your blood sugar goes, the hangrier you are. It's our body's defense mechanism to get food ASAP." The tricky part is, hangry people tend crave cookies, pastries, chocolate, or candy, she says. These sugary snacks will raise your blood sugar quickly. But that spike inevitably leads to another crash—and you'll be acting like a crankpot all over again.
So what's a girl to do when hanger strikes? "Carry healthy snacks with you—like vegetables, fruit, and yogurt—so that when you are hungry [they] will hold you over until the next meal," says Dr. Adimoolam. Eating three full meals a day will also help curb intense hunger, and the freakouts that come with it. (Sign up for our 21-Day Healthy Lunch Challenge to get recipes for balanced, protein-packed midday meals that will keep you full well into the P.M.!)
And if hanger sneaks up on you still, try to avoid any mentally or emotionally taxing tasks until you've had a chance to refuel, says Dr. Adimoolam. "Get in a meal and your mind will be in a much better place."
七秒決定印象
Seven Seconds to Make a First Impression
Carol Kinsey Goman forbes.com
You meet a business acquaintance for the first time - it could be your new boss, a recent addition to your team, or a potential client you want to sign up.
The moment that stranger sees you, his or her brain makes a thousand computations: Are you someone to approach or to avoid? Are you friend or foe? Do you have status and authority? Are you trustworthy, competent, likeable, confident?
And these computations are made at lightning speed -- making major decisions about one another in the first seven seconds of meeting.
In business interactions, first impressions are crucial. While you can’t stop people from making snap decisions – the human brain is hardwired in this way as a prehistoric survival mechanism – you can understand how to make those decisions work in your favor.
First impressions are more heavily influenced by nonverbal cues than verbal cues. In fact, studies have found that nonverbal cues have over four times the impact on the impression you make than anything you say.
Here are seven nonverbal ways to make a positive first impression:
1. Adjust your attitude. People pick up your attitude instantly. Before you turn to greet someone, or enter the boardroom, or step onstage to make a presentation, think about the situation and make a conscious choice about the attitude you want to embody.
2. Straighten your posture. Status and power are nonverbally conveyed by height and space. Standing tall, pulling your shoulders back, and holding your head straight are all signals of confidence and competence.
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