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吵架 早死率高
Constant arguing 'increases premature death risk' BBC
Having frequent arguments with partners, friends or relatives can increase the risk of death in middle-age, say Danish researchers.
Although the research team, from the University of Copenhagen, calculated that constant arguing increased a man or woman's mortality risk by two or three times the normal rate, they could not fully explain the factors behind it.
Previous research suggests people with high levels of anxiety and demands from partners and children, and those who often argue with close family members, could be at a higher risk of heart disease and strokes.
Past studies also suggest that a good social support network and a wide network of friends have a positive impact on health, while personality determines, to a large extent, how we perceive and react to social situations and relations.
In this study, the researchers said physiological reactions to stress, such as high blood pressure and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, were most likely to explain the increased mortality risk.
Man arguing on his mobile phone Men who were unemployed were found to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of conflict in their lives
They had all taken part in the Danish Longitudinal Study on Work, Unemployment and Health, from 2000.
The study found that frequent worries or demands generated by partners and children were linked to a 50%-100% increased risk of death from all causes.
"Intervening in conflicts, particularly for those out of work, may help to curb premature deaths associated with social relationship stressors," she said.
Prof Angela Clow, from the department of psychology and physiology at the University of Westminster, said the findings were "not surprising".
"It would have been more interesting if they had looked at the biological pathways and shown why or how conflicts had an effect on mortality risk," she said.
Questions:
Do you argue with family members, friends frequently?
How to have a good social support network?
What are the various causes of conflict? What are the effects of conflict in our lives?
How to avoid arguments with partners? (a boyfriend/a girlfriend)
How to deal with someone who always wants to argue?
How to control your anger, stress, and anxiety?
How to avoid conflicts at work?
你的城市夠健康嗎?
What is a Healthy City?
A healthy city is one that is continually creating and improving the physical and social environments and expanding the community resources that enable people to support each other, lead a healthy and active daily life and develop to their maximum potential.
A healthy city is one which gives health priority and aims to improve it. It does not need to have a particular health status, but it does need commitment to improving health and a structure for doing this. The Healthy Cities approach emphasizes joined up, intersectoral planning and working to achieve improved health for all. It also stresses the importance of tackling inequalities and providing the same opportunities to all citizens.
Qualities of a Healthy City
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a healthy city ultimately as one which has a range of qualities or characteristics:
a clean, safe physical environment of a high quality (including housing quality)
an ecosystem that is stable now and sustainable in the long term
a strong mutually supportive and non-exploitative community
a high degree of participation in and control by the citizens over the decisions affecting their lives, health and well-being
the meeting of basic needs (food, water, shelter, income, safety and work) for all the city's people
access by the people to a wide variety of experiences and resources, with the chance for a wide variety of contact, interaction and communication
a diverse, vital and innovative economy
the encouragement of connectedness with the past, with the cultural and biological heritage of city dwellers and with other groups and individuals
the encouragement of connectedness with the past, with the cultural and biological heritage of city dwellers and with other groups and individuals
a form that is compatible with and enhances the preceding characteristics
an optimum level of appropriate public health and sickness care services, accessible to all
high health status (high levels of positive health and low levels of disease)
Question:
In your opinion, what is a healthy city?
Question:
In your opinion, what is a healthy city?
How do we support each other?
How to live a healthy lifestyle
What do you think this concept that “where
you live influence how happy you are”?
Are you satisfied the city where you lived
now?
What do you think the living quality of
taiwan?
What do you think the health care service
in taiwan?
In your opinion, where is ideal city to
live?
親人常吵架 早死機率高三倍
親密人際關係衝突，對健康影響超乎一般想像。
家人朋友相處爭執難免，有時恰能幫助對方說出心裡話，小吵小鬧無傷大雅。不過，最新丹麥研究顯示，若親密關係太緊張，中年男女早死機率，較人際關係和緩的族群高了2到3倍，長時間處於這類情緒壓力，也會增加中風、心臟病等致命疾病發生率。該研究8日發表於《流行病學與公共衛生期刊》（JECH）。
丹麥哥本哈根大學研究人員，從國內就業與健康長期研究資料庫，選取9875名36歲到52歲男女，追蹤他們2000年到2011年的健康情況，同時調查參與者的日常人際關係，像是身邊有誰要求很高、是否有發生衝突的可能，以及不愉快狀況發生的頻率。
吵架搞亂內分泌
1405091405結果發現，調查期間共有196名女性、226名男性身故，半數死於癌症，另半數則死於心臟病、高血壓、中風、肝病、意外與自殺。身故者約1成感覺伴侶或子女總是要求太多或讓人擔心，6%壓力源來自親戚，2%壓力來自朋友。
若以爭執頻率來看，6%身故者常與伴侶或子女吵架，另有2%、1%的人，表示常跟親戚、鄰居起口角；若對照人際關係發生不快的頻率，伴侶與子女帶來的憂慮與要求壓力，會增加所有疾病死亡率50%到100%，爭執頻繁的死亡率，更比平均值高出2到3倍。
主導研究的倫德（Rikke Lund）博士表示，原先沒料到爭執與死亡率的關連如此明確：「無論年齡、性別、社經地位、有無憂鬱症狀或慢性病、單身或獨居與否，任何一類人際關係衝突，都會增加死亡機率。」對中年人影響尤其顯著，男性死亡率增加幅度較高，中年失業也有類似影響。
這份研究未分析死亡率增加原因，但倫德引用其他研究稱，「人際關係壓力會增加壓力賀爾蒙（腎上腺皮質素）分泌，血壓、心絞痛機率、身體發炎情況也會增加，可能都是人際關係壓力導致死亡率增加的原因。」另有研究顯示，來自衝突家庭的病人，醫療配合程度比較低，也是死亡率增加的原因。
倫德建議與他人相處不好的人，應該試著降低衝突機會，人際關係處理技巧也許很重要。而且逃避恐怕不是辦法，因為另有研究顯示，高齡孤單人口的早死機率也比其他族群高了14%。
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